The sacred temple of the Virgin Mary, known as Kapnikarea, located in the middle of the pedestrian Ermou Street, there where intersected by Kalamiotou street near Monastiraki area. The lack of sufficient historical information on the Middle Byzantine period in Athens, it allows us to keep a chronological precision the history of the monument, which seems to be long.
The middle Byzantine years was the Athens one of the darkest periods of its history, because one hand is constantly affected by the successive hostile devastating attacks, on the other hand, was, for the Byzantine Empire of the 11th and 12th century, an insignificant province was included in the Greece issue. However, in those years, the emperors and the Byzantine scholars had turned again their attention to classical studies and a time for which the ancient Athens always held a special allure and special place, because of the artistic and intellectual of searches.
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